Koans are paradoxical, nonsensical or confusing statements or questions used in Zen Buddhism to provoke deep contemplation and insight into the nature of reality and consciousness. Koans challenge the rational or conventional mind, encourage us to transcend illusions that create dualistic thinking and are a catalyst allowing us to directly experience the true nature and interconnectedness of all things. Through prolonged meditation and reflection on koans, individuals may attain moments of profound awakening or enlightenment where the true nature of reality is glimpsed.

Some of the koans below are discussed and others are left to the reader to contemplate.

Koan 241

Nothing is inherently funny, but everything is funny when you see the self as funny.

Koan 240

We can see the Everything within ourselves when we are without our selves.

Koan 101

What looks like a window is actually a mirror.

 

In quantum mechanics, light exists as a wave—a boundless flow of possibilities—yet, when observed, it manifests as particles, precise and finite.

This is called “The Observer Effect”. What we see is affected by us seeing it.

Koan 239

The perception of what happened after it happened affects what happened.

Koan 237

There is no thing, but nothing.

Koan 235

We experience reality only via our senses but we rarely do.

Koan 233

Somewhere in the centers of the now is the space before and after the now.

We experience the now from these spaces.

From the space before the now, the now is an infinite number of things.

From the space after the now, the now is a comedy.

Koan 3

“A man of wisdom delights at water” — Confucius

 

Reflections from slowly stirring water in a pond (as above) are like an abstract painting. The images we identify are illusions we create.

Water is like the universe: one thing and yet many things.

Water manifests in different shapes (clouds, rivers, oceans) and forms (vapor, liquid, and ice).

Water is interdependent, as a wave cannot be a wave without the sea.

Water is interconnected, from cloud to rain to river to sea.

As drops of water, we fear not rain over us. Together as a flood, water reigns over us.

On water we can calmly float or panic and sink.

While essential to life, water also brings drowning and death.

Sound travels four times faster and further in water than air, though we can’t hear underwater what someone next to us is saying.

Water is odorless and tasteless, yet present in everything that smells and tastes.

Though colorless in a glass, water has a bluish hue which is evident in large bodies of water like the ocean.

Water in lakes and oceans seems impassable, but the easiest path between places is by boat.

Still water is dead-silent. Moving water is alive with sounds.

In a pond, still water is clear and turbulent water opaque.

Seeing ourselves and surroundings in a reflecting pond, we don’t notice the water.

Water is impossible to grasp, but easily captured in cupped hands.

Water is weak, flowing to places of least resistance; unlike fire which destroys all in its way. Yet, water easily extinguishes fire.

While not hard like stone, high-pressure water cuts stone like it’s butter.

Unlike but a few other materials, water expands when it freezes. Thus, a quart of water weighs more than a quart of ice which is why ice floats on water. 

Water symbolizes the cycle of life; born as drops of rain, living together in rivers and seas and disappearing as vapor to form clouds for its rebirth.

Water is what it is whatever it is, but how we see it is a reflection of who we are. A man of wisdom sees water variously. That’s the essence of wisdom.

Koan 232

How can we see an infinite number of individual things in the now, yet the now is indivisible?

Koan 231

A man widely recognized as wise sees through the perspectives of others, yet doesn’t see himself as wise.

Koan 229

Every it is an illusion, except the it that is is.

Koan 228

Funny is the self that seriously seeks enlightenment, as the serious and seeking self distorts the light.

Koan 81

The sun is always the same and all ways different.

Koan 48

“Uncertainty is an uncomfortable position. But certainty is an absurd one.” — Voltaire

Koan 179

Every thing is forever changing, but the Everything is forever unchanged.

Koan 215

“Before you can find God, you must lose your self.” — Ball Shem Tov

Koan 214

Everything happens all at once but in different places or over time in the same place.

 

From where I am, what I did 10 years ago is what I am doing now somewhere 10 light years from here.

Koan 224

We are wee, though infinite and eternal.

Koan 210

Why is accidentally seeing our spiritual guru sexually engaged with a fellow disciple in a meditation room funny, but not when the disciple is our spouse?

Koan 207

It is easy to fall asleep but difficult to awaken unless we know we are sleeping.

Koan 202

“I love to find the good inside everyone, even if that good is only me.” Robert Faithful

Koan 192

Being best is best, but good enough is better.

Koan 225

We can be certain we don’t know what we are looking at when we are certain we know what we are looking at.

Koan 218

We experience reality through our senses but remember it through our emotions.

Koan 223

Nothing is always the same as nothing is nothing, but no thing the same is the same.

Koan 159

All beings are illusions based on the illusion of the self as a being.

Koan 178

When everyone is laughing, there are no selves; just God laughing.

Koan 191

A selfish fool seeks to find God, for God is everywhere when you lose your self.

Koan 104

You cannot love every thing, unless you are the Everything.

Koan 209

When we distinguish our dreams from our memories, we are dreaming.

Koan 217

“Serving yourself is a form of idolatry.”  — Kotzker Rebbe

Koan 222

The now is filled with descriptions, yet all descriptions are empty.

Koan 101

What’s odd is funny when it makes things that are not odd funny.

Koan 227

When we are present, we miss nothing until we have it again.

Koan 69

Are we free when we have more money than time or more time than money?

Koan 140

The now begins with M = E/C² and ends with E = MC².

M = Mass

E = Energy

C = Speed of Light

 

Before the now, all there is is Energy.

When Energy is slowed down by the speed of light squared, energy becomes Mass.

The Mass is the now.

When Mass accelerates to the speed of light squared, it reverts into Energy.

The process of Energy to Mass and back happens in an instant; again and again and again.

It happens so quickly, we don’t sense it happens. The mind creates an illusion of continuity and stability.

Koan 68

Every thing is nothing as it seems, as it is constantly changing.

Only the mind makes it seem otherwise.

Koan 65

Life is a play. It’s purpose is to play.

 

To play as your self’s various emotions at whatever your roles.

To play as to have fun in the process.

Koan 60

The brilliant reflect the sun’s light.

The wise emanate light to guide the way through the night.

Koan 102

While we are naturally eccentric, it’s difficult to be eccentric.

Koan 57

The universe is an infinite number of things, each with their own center; yet, there is only one center.

Koan 219

Awakening is always the same, all ways different.

Koan 58

No one is getting out of here alive but those emitting unconditional love.

 

Unconditional love comes only from the soul. The eternal universe is the manifestation of the soul.

Koan 56

Who I am is many things.

What I am is one thing.

Koan 54

The soul is selfish, yet is has no self.

Koan 55

“I don’t mind what happens.” —  J. Krishnamurti

 

The “eternal what” is every thing before and after the now.

The is “what happens”; a temporary expression of the “eternal what”.

The “what happens” is a mirror of the “eternal what”.

The “eternal what” loves seeing itself in the mirror.

The love is divine love, peace beyond understanding.

The mind, the self’s emotions and memories, precludes us from seeing the “what happens”.

Though the mind we see only illusions.

When we don’t mind, we accept “what happens” and the illusions disappear.

Then we realize we are the “eternal what”.

Koan 126

With an infinite number of centers, the universe has no center.

 

Each thing our eyes focus on is a center.

Each of us is a center.

As the universe is the one and only thing, it has no center.

Koan 125

“He who speaks does not know, he who knows does not speak.” — Lao Tzu

 

He who speaks is an actor in the play of life. He who know is the audience.

For actors, the play is a tragedy; as every actor eventually is scripted out of the play (dies).

For the audience, the play is a comedy. The audience is the Gods. The Gods are forever laughing at the actors (who are also Gods but often don’t remember they are) taking their selves seriously.

He who laughs cannot speak.

 

He who speaks is in the now. He cannot grasp the now, as a hand cannot grasp itself.

He who knows does not speak as only from the silent space outside the now can one observe and come to know the now.

 

He who speaks describes that which his consciousness creates; what his foveal vision carves out of peripheral vision.

He who knows does not speak, as peripheral vision defines specific description.

 

He who speaks creates a photo of the now.

He who knows does not speak, for the now is a movie.

 

He who speaks is a dot in a painting.

He who knows does not speak, for a painting is an infinite number of interdependent dots.

 

He who speaks tells a story of what he sees and hears. But, as conveying what the nose knows is lost in translation, he who knows does not speak.

 

He who speaks does not know, as descriptions are empty; the now that’s described is now no longer.

He who knows the now does not speak, as the essence of the now is nothing.

 

A speaker’s words are like the finite and precise space inside a square.

The endless and everchanging now is like the imprecise space inside a circle.

He who knows does not speak, for a circle cannot be squared.

 

Haiku 221

With one eye, we can see.

With two eyes, we have depth perception.

With one mind, we have a view.

With many minds, we have perspective.

Koan 193

Very few things affect us. What we think things are affects us.

Koan 121

How do you know whether you are seeing something through your eyes or mind?

Koan 198

The book with blank pages is only empty if that’s what we see.

Koan 197

Without a different perspective we have no perspective.

Koan 196

God is everywhere the self is not.

Koan 195

The Way to awakening is not to take your self seriously.

The way to begin the Way is not to take me seriously.

Koan 194

Life is a play; a tragedy for the actors and a comedy for the audience.

 

A tragedy as every actor eventually is scripted out of the play and dies.

A comedy as the actors that their selves seriously.

People are the actors and the gods is the audience.

We can always choose who we are, actors or gods.

Koan 230

Nothing, but nothing, is certain.

Koan 15

Those who are enlightened enlight others. Yet, everyone enlights the enlightened.

Koan 190

Seven thousand miles away is 14 hours away by way of flying. Yet, someone 10 feet away is often many years away in different ways; too far away for us to hear each other.

Koan 189

God is in plain sight, just hidden behind the self.

Koan 188

When we are present in the now, we are absent-minded of being in the now.

Koan 171

All things are constantly changing, yet there is nothing new under the sun.

Koan 185

All ways the best time in life can only be now.

Koan 184

“There are no facts, just interpretations.” — Friedrich Nietzsche

Koan 186

Every thing is temporarily unique and forever the same.

Koan 181

Something we see and can’t identify is fascinating.

Once we identify it, it becomes a noun and we relegate it to our peripheral vision.

Koan 182

Life is a game of hide and seek. We win by finding the soul before the soul finds us.

Koan 6

All we see in the now are reflections of light. When the now disappears, all that remains is light.

Koan 180

Time cannot be saved or spent.

Koan 220

We have freedom of speech as long as no one is listening.

Koan 175

However fast a river runs, it’s always in the same place.

Koan 173

When we are one with the universe, we miss nothing until we see it.

Koan 176

When one experience seems like another, we have experienced neither.

Koan 155

Whatever we are certain about is an illusion.

Koan 172

When we don’t forget from where we came we know where we are going.

Koan 153

Those who can’t distinguish between someone loving themselves and selfishness are selfish.

Koan 156

What you see outside your self looks different when you are outside your self.

Koan 158

How can the soul appear to transition into an infinite number of things?

Koan 170

If life is a test, those with more answers than questions are sure to fail.

Koan 167

When seeing something not unique, we are seeing it with our mind.

Koan 168

When the past is real, the present is an illusion.

Koan 160

We can’t open our eyes if we don’t know they are closed.

Koan 164

When we are the person we once were, we are nothing.

Koan 166

Until we know we know nothing, we know nothing.

Koan 162

When we realize everyone is God, we feel everyone loves us.

Koan 161

What was once and is no longer, never was.

Koan 174

No thing is perfect but nothing is perfect.

Koan 16

As there are few who have realized enlightenment, the unenlightened often think an enlightened life is lonely. That’s what makes them unenlightened.

Koan 163

Loving certain people, but not all people, is sentimental. Loving all people is practical.

Koan 152

Enlightenment is simple: one is one with the light. But it’s complicated by the unenlightened who can’t agree on what it is.

Koan 165

Every thing is always beautiful, but not all ways beautiful.

Koan 151

Those who love you, help keep you alive. Those you love are the reason you are alive.

Koan 98

As everyone describes the same thing differently, how can you understand anything unless you understand everyone?

Koan 177

What happens when we die?

What happens when we die!

 

When we die we transition from “Who” we are when we are in the now to “What” we are in the time before and after the now.

The “Who” is the self, our identity in the now.

The “What” is transcendental. The “What” is God.

In the Bible, God self-describes: “I am what I am.”

In several religious traditions, God is nameless; for if God is this, then God is not that. God is nameless because God is what it is whatever it is.

 

As every thing in the now is a manifestation of God, the “Who” is an expression of the “What”.

As the “Who” exists only in the now, the “Who” is finite.

Those who view themselves as solely a “Who” die when they are no longer in the now.

Those realizing they are the “What” are eternal beings, constantly transitioning from “What” to “Who” and to “What”.

Koan 187

Sleeping is a state of consciousness based on the illusion of knowledge.

Awakening is the realization we don’t know anything.

Enlightenment is knowing nothing.

Koan 132

When we understand all is One, is 1 + 1 = 1?

Koan 150

What are we thinking when we think we know what someone else is thinking?

Koan 149

The mind can grasp enlightenment as easily as a hand can grasp itself.

Koan 148

How can the now be eternally unchanged, yet the now that’s now is different than the now before now and the now after the now?

Koan 143

As each of us describes the same thing differently, is the same thing the same thing?

Koan 147

How do you know when you are looking at something whether you are seeing it through your eyes or your mind?

Koan 141

Are the brightest those who reflect the brightest light or those who emit light which reflects from everything around them?

Koan 31

When the mind lights the road ahead, day turns into night.

Koan 146

The foundation of wisdom is knowing you know nothing.

Koan 145

“Some things are too important to be taken seriously.” — Oscar Wilde

Koan 144

You find the soul when you lose your self.

Koan 142

When the self is absent, we are present.

Koan 136

Once you know nothing, there is nothing else you need to know.

Koan 107

We transform the now into words, the words become the now.

Koan 110

The senses connect us to reality and the mind disconnects us from reality.

Koan 138

No thing and nothing are both forever.

Koan 139

Every thing, but the Everything, creates duality.

Koan 109

When every thing is enlightening, you are enlightened.

Koan 133

An enlightened man loves every thing equally; though, in selfish moments, some things he likes and some things he doesn’t.

Koan 108

The sound of laughter indicates the truth is near.

Koan 130

There is no time, just space. Every thing that was, is and will be happens at the same time but in different spaces.

Koan 134

The memories we hold onto are real, until we open our hand and see there is nothing there.

Koan 131

A wise man may appear foolish being uncertain of every thing, but only a fool is certain of any thing.

Koan 201

The only thing certain is that we can never be certain of anything.

Koan 61

When we see something familiar, we are seeing it with our mind not our eyes.

Koan 103

As the now is now no longer, what does the mind clutch when it grasps the now?

Koan 26

“He learns so much. When does he have time to know anything?” — Kotzker Rebbe

 

We can come to know the now by observing the now. We cannot observe the now when we are engaged with the now.

Koan 129

To the curious mind, awareness of its ignorance is bliss.

Koan 128

Life is a test to which we are given the answer before taking the test. We always have a choice: we can remember the answer or take the test seriously.

Koan 106

“No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man.” — Heraclitus

Koan 122

You are in harmony with the world when you know who you are.

You are harmony when you know what you are.

Koan 23

“Enlightenment is like everyday consciousness, but two inches above the ground.” — D.T. Suzuki

 

Enlightenment is proverbially described as “being one with everything.” It is a state associated with the dissolution of the illusory self, transcending duality and realizing our oneness with the Everything.

Consciousness is consciousness. The consciousness of enlightenment is not different from the self’s consciousness in the now.

Describing enlightenment as being two inches above the ground seems the antithesis of enlightenment, as it implies separation/duality. No! Two inches above the ground implies enlightenment is transcendental, beyond our conventional understanding of the material world with forces like gravity.

The “ground” represents the now. When we are on the ground, we are in the now. Through the consciousness of the self, we experience the now as a duality: the self and all that is not the self.

The consciousness of enlightenment is observing the now which can be doing through meditation.

The now is breathing. We can observe the now when we are in the space between exhale and inhale.

In this silent space we realize we create the now and, once created, we are the now.

Koan 7

What do we see everywhere but rarely notice?

 

Light.

Things we see are not things, just light reflecting off things.

What we don’t see, the essence of all things, is also light. All things are energy slowed by the speed of light squared (E = MC²). Reformulated, mass is energy divided by the spend of light squared (M = E/C²).)

All things, outside and inside, are light.

Perceiving things otherwise, as solid or distinct from other things, is an illusion.

As all things are light, all things are enlightening.

When you see things as things are, what are you?

Koan 137

At the moment our senses awaken us, the mind puts us to sleep.

Koan 111

What separates people is not space but time.

Koan 118

Our days are numbered, but we have less time when we count them.

Koan 105

As every thing is unique, no thing is weird. But the mind is weird, as it sees things as normal or weird.

Koan 100

When we categorize others, we don’t know what they or we are.

Koan 116

To the eyes, every thing is unique because the eyes have no memory.

Koan 99

When you love everyone, it feels like everyone loves you.

Koan 25

Certainty makes us comfortable with reality because it’s not reality.

Koan 42

As enlightenment is so simple and obvious, it’s funny (as in odd) that some people don’t get it.

It’s actually funny when someone tries to explain it; like pointing their finger at the sun, yet the listener keeps looking at their finger.

Koan 113

Awakened, we don’t recognize any thing we see. Enlightened, there are no things, just light.

Koan 112

To the eyes, every thing is beautiful. To the mind, few things are beautiful.

Koan 114

Awakening is the realization that our memories are just dreams.

Koan 96

We move forward by walking backward, experiencing things only after they’ve passed.

Koan 95

Our eyes see things horizontally, but our mind sees things vertically.

Koan 117

The Way to Liberation is a long meal with many courses; some to our liking, some not; some salty, bitter, sour or sweet. The sweet dessert comes not at the end, but when the means and the ends are one.

Koan 94

As the hand cannot grasp itself, how can the mind grasp itself?

Koan 89

Once you know what you are is not your self, what else do you need to know?

Koan 88

“Love is the absence of judgement.” — Dali Lama XIV

Koan 87

“Where does a thought go when it’s forgotten?” — Sigmund Freud

Koan 90

“The most dangerous thing of all is habit.” — Kotzker Rebbe

 

Habits don’t kill you, but keep you from being alive.

Koan 85

Can you be enlightened if you are not enlightening?

Koan 84

“More important than writing is erasing.” — Kotzker Rebbe

“To attain knowledge, add things everyday. To attain wisdom, remove things every day.” — Lao Tzu

Koan 92

“Now that I no longer desire all, I have it all without desire.”– St. John of the Cross

Koan 86

Eureka! All There Is Is Is.

 

Eureka means “I have found it.” Yet, there is nothing to be found as all there is is being and becoming; the Everything that is eternal and everchanging.

 

Acronym: EATIII (pronounced as “80”)

“8” is the symbol of infinity (∞) drawn vertically, reflecting the human form. Graphically, an endless knot constantly twisting and turning in different directions.

“8” is consciousness; infinite in time and everchanging as it is manifesting in the now.

“0” is a hole with two separate sides, inside and outside. However, their separateness is an illusion as they are interdependent; one cannot exist without the other. Together they are a whole, not a hole.

“0” is our experience of the now: an illusion of separate things that are actually one thing.

Both “8”and “0” are continuous, a flow with no beginning and no end.

Eureka! All there is is the flow of eternal consciousness; everchanging as it creates the now.

Koan 4

“Water is the face of fire.” — Kanako Iiyama

 

The appearance of things is unlike their true nature.

Water, like most things, slowly changes its form. Yet, beneath the surface, all things are rapidly and constantly changing, like fire.

Water is transparent and reflective. When we don’t see the fire within water, what we see is a reflection of our self.

We perceive the world as discrete things, like water and fire. However, all things are aspects of the same interconnected thing, the Everything.

 

This koan is Kanako’s family motto: how the family presents itself to others:

We are like water: calm, nourishing and practical. Yet, like fire, we can cause great destruction.

Koan 29

Time is like water, drink it or it evaporates.

Koan 79

Before and after the now, there is no time.

The now comes and goes in an instant, yet the now is eternal.

What is time?

Koan 119

The light we see disappears in an instant. The light itself is forever.

Koan 76

When you know what you are, you always appreciate who you are.

Koan 34

Everything is in the now. When you feel something is missing, the thing that’s missing is you.

Koan 38

You are what you are forever. Who you are is subject to change.

Koan 35

What is your Way:

 

Earth, fire, air or water?

Earth is physical.

Fire is emotional.

Air is conceptual.

Water is practical.

 

Rock, paper, or scissors?

Rock is nature.

Paper is civilization

Scissors is technology.

 

Red, yellow or blue?

Red is emotional.

Yellow is intuitive..

Blue is conceptual.

 

Knife, fork, spoon or chopsticks?

Koan 120

The soul and the self are complimentary. The soul emits energy. The self absorbs energy. What then happens with the energy?

Koan 75

The self that thinks it knows, only knows illusions.

Koan 74

“Speech and silence are one and the same.” — Fuketsu Ensho

Koan 205

It’s easy to equally divide a pie without knowing math, but impossible when you know the math of pi.

Koan 53

Those who seek will not find for what they are seeking is seeking.

Koan 72

The it is an illusion, but not when the it is what it is whatever it is. What is it?

Koan 9

When we choose to be loved over loving, we will surely die.

 

Love is connectedness that dispels the duality of self and not self.

When connected by love, our finite self merges with what we love, creating a “beyond self.”

The “beyond self” continues beyond the lifespan of our finite self.

The self that prioritizes being loved cannot be loving. It is a powerful and controlling self, but not powerful enough to survive death.

Koan 63

“Whoever gets angry, it is as if he worshipped idols” — Zohar 1:27b

 

Getting angry at some one or thing presumes it has an independent existence, like an idol. That denies the existence of God which is the interconnected oneness of every thing.

Koan 71

Love your self to escape from your self.

Koan 62

The devil is in the details.

 

Without details, all things are one thing: God.

Koan 30

We see “its” everywhere and rarely notice “is”, though all there is is is.

 

There are two types of vision, foveal and peripheral.

Foveal vision is when our eyes focus and we mentally create static images of seemingly independent things (“its”).

Peripheral vision is unfocused, where all things are one undifferentiable flow; the “is”. The “is” is reality; an ambiguous flow of interdependent and everchanging things beyond description, other than that it is what it is whatever it is.

While 99% of our visual field is peripheral vision, we think the illusions we create through foveal vision are reality.

Koan 59

The mind easily convinces us of the illusion that we can square a circle.

 

It’s impossible to construct a square with the same area as a given circle.

The space inside a circle is the product of multiplying the squared radius of the circle and π (pi)

π is a transcendental number; an infinite, non-repeating decimal expansion. That means the knowable space inside a circle is imprecise.

The space inside a square is precise.

As an imprecise space cannot precisely fill a precise space, a circle cannot be squared.

 

Transcendental numbers arise naturally in exponential growth and decay processes. They are used extensively in calculus, probability, and mathematical analysis.

Transcendental is also the nature of the universe; infinite expansion and everchanging.

 

The mind is a square and the universe is a circle.

The mind convinces us of the illusion that we know the universe. Yet, the universe is transcendental. It cannot be precisely known.

Koan 19

“Crow with no mouth” — Ikkyu, 1394 – 1481

 

Can a crow with no mouth caw?

Does a crow with no mouth have a craw?

Is a crow with no mouth a crow?

A crow with no mouth is a crow with no mouth; it is what it is whatever it is.

Crows are exceptionally intelligent birds. They can solve complex problems, use tools, and even recognize human faces. They are also highly adaptable and thrive in various environments. They are keen observers and can consider alternative strategies to realizing their goals.

Crows represent wisdom.

“He who speaks does not know, he who knows does not speak.” — Lao Tzu.

As wisdom cannot be conveyed with words, a crow has no mouth.

Koan 91

How were my parents and I born at the same time?

 

When I was born on Earth, my parents were born somewhere 25 light years from Earth.

Koan 33

An “enlightened master” with many students is a powerful illusion.

Koan 115

Enlightenment is realization every thing is essentially light.

Koan 47

What is calmer, the sea or me?

Koan 44

When we can’t identify what we are seeing, we are experiencing reality.

Koan 13

How can the now be infinitesimally small, yet contain an infinite number of things?

Koan 12

Is that so?

 

The Zen master Hakuin was praised by his neighbors as one living a pure life.

A beautiful Japanese girl whose parents owned a food store lived near him. One day, her parents discovered she was pregnant.

This angered her parents, especially as she refused to tell them who got her pregnant. Eventually, she told them Hakuin was the father.

Furious, the parents told everyone in the community what Hakuin had done and confronted the master.

“Is that so?” was all he said.

After the child was born, the parents gave it to Hakuin. By then, he had lost his reputation as a righteous man, but that did not trouble him. He accepted the child and took very good care of it as if it was his.

A year later, the baby’s mother could no longer hold back the truth. She told her parents the real father of the child was a young man who worked in the fish market.

The girl’s parents immediately went to Hakuin. They asked for forgiveness and to have the child back.

Hakuin willingly gave them the child and all he said was: “Is that so?”

 

“Is that so?” encourages self-reflection and the questioning of assumptions we hold without doubts.

“Is that so?” Hakuin asks the girl’s parents to question their initial certainty that Hakuin fathered their daughter’s baby and their later certainty that he did not. Ultimately, no one knows who fathered the baby; even the mother might not know.

“Is that so?” simply suggests we consider things from many perspectives. This is the essence of wisdom.

Wisdom is knowing that perceived truths change (like the girl’s claim as to who fathered her baby) and that, ultimately, no thing is truly knowable.

The girl’s parents lack wisdom.

They also lack compassion as they carelessly ruin Hakuin’s reputation.

Hakuin, a man of wisdom and compassion, knows what he is and is unfazed by who others think he is.

Embodying  wisdom and compassion, we gracefully accept what comes our way and make the best of it.

Koan 11

How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?

 

The Pope: “It depends on the size of the pin.”

The Zen master: “What’s a pin?”

Koan 10

“Does a dog have Buddha nature?”

 

This is the first and perhaps most famous of 48 Zen koans compiled in the early 13th century in “The Gateless Gate.”

To the question, the Zen Master Zhaozhou responded: “Mu.”

Mu means “nothing.”

 

A dog is a dog. Buddha nature, the innate potential for enlightenment, is a concept. Two seemingly independent things in the now.

Yet, all things before and after the now are one thing: nothing, mu.

Koan 8

What is it now?*

 

One day, a Zen master with a clay pot on a wooden table before him asked several students: “What is this?”

Some said it was a clay pot. Another said that it was an artifact. Another said it was an assemblage of clay and wood. Soon there were other perspectives as well. A lively debate ensued, while the Zen master shook his head and laughed.

One student approached the table and threw the pot to the ground, shattering it into many pieces. An audible silence enveloped the room, until the student asked: “What is it now?”

Silence again filled the room. Some students were shocked and others embarrassed by the aggressive arrogance of the student who shattered their master’s clay pot. Then the silence was shattered by laughter from the Zen master and the student.

 

The Zen master and student laughed as they recognized the other students were like the blind men in the “Ten Men and the Elephant” parable. Each certain of a their individual identification of the pot and the collective view that breaking the pot was disrespectful.

A pot is a pot, temporarily. All things are ever-changing. The pot cannot be described, as it is different now than it was in the now upon which the description is based. Those who know it can only say that it is what it is whatever it is.

 

*Courtesy of Bill Wisher.

Koan 17

Does a rock have consciousness?

 

Consciousness generally refers to the state of being aware of one’s surroundings, thoughts, feelings, and sensations. It is the subjective experience of being alive and having a sense of self as separate from that which is not one’s self. However, what exactly is consciousness has been long debated by philosophers, theologians, linguists, and scientists and no consensus has emerged.

While a rock is a rock, what is a rock?

Is a rock an independent thing or something given agency by our consciousness?

If a rock is an independent thing, it may have consciousness that is beyond our general understanding of consciousness.

Alternatively, if a rock is an illusion created by our mind, a rock does not have consciousness.

Every thing in the now is interdependent and interconnected. That is, every thing is not a thing, but a facet of one ever-changing thing, the Everything. Things in the now that appear independent, like a rock, are illusions created by the mind.

As a rock is an illusion, it does not have consciousness.

If we don’t recognize our consciousness has created the things in the Everything, we have the consciousness of a rock.

 

Koan 5

Who are you?

 

I am a mountain range. I am the sea.

I am the Everything, but not specifically me.

I am everchanging, that’s what I be,

not who you think you see.

I am what I am. There’s nothing else to me.

Koan 22

Now is forever. Everything else is out of time.

Koan 2

“What is the sound of one hand clapping?”

 

Mu! (nothing). Sound, hand and clapping do not exist as independent things; as all things are interdependent; essentially one everchanging thing.

Sound, hand and clapping are illusions our consciousness creates. They appear in foveal vision which is what consciousness carves out of the flow that is peripheral vision.

The sound of one hand clapping is the sound of one hand clapping. It is what it is whatever it is.

Koan 1

How old is Buddha?

 

Which Buddha are you asking about?

How (in what way) is Buddha old?

How old is Buddha at which point in Buddha’s life?

How old is Buddha now or at another time?

Isn’t Buddha now one day older than Buddha was yesterday?

How old is Buddha where; on Earth or some place light years away?

How can Buddha be different in age than the Everything of which the Buddha is just a facet?

How can we know how old is Buddha as all things are forever changing, including the Buddha’s age as we speak?

Buddha is as old as Buddha is, whatever that is.

Koan 36

“The child is father of the man.” — William Wordsworth

Koan 20

Both those who think they are rich or poor are poor.

Koan 28

In the past and future are an infinite number of things. The now is only one thing.

Koan 199

The way forward is clear when looking backward from the end of days.

Koan 14

“There is nothing new under the sun.” — Ecclesiastes

 

There is nothing new as the unchanging essence of all things is energy; visible in the form of light. In Genesis, “In the beginning…God said, ‘Let there be light’, and there was light.” Everything else is a derivative of light or an illusion.

There is nothing new as there are no things; just the Everything.

What we perceive as independent things are all unique and everchanging. Thus, there is nothing new as newness doesn’t differentiate one thing from another.

There is nothing new as there is nothing old. The now is all there is. The now is timeless. What we see as what was once and now no longer is an illusion.

Koan 37

“Growing old, man’s sight worsens, but this allow him to see more.” Jewish proverb

Koan 43

The now is always the same, always new.

Koan 226

“Man plans, God laughs.” — Jewish proverb

Koan 32

“If you meet the Buddha on the road, kill him.” — Linji Yixuan

 

In the now, there is only one thing: the Everything.

The Everything is manifested as an infinite number of seemingly independent things.

Yet, as all things are interdependent, essentially all things are one thing.

Thinking of things (like the Buddha) as independent is an illusion.

Illusionary things create duality, the thing and all that is not the thing.

On the road to enlightenment, we need to vanquish all illusions to realize the oneness of the Everything.

Koan 18

What does the universe look like from the other side of the mind, where there is no mind?

Koan 200

“There is only one mind to which we are all connected. But that mind has its own mind.” — Simon Stark

Koan 218

“You already are what you want to become.” —  Thich Nhat Hahn

Koan 46

Love is selfless. But when the self expresses love, that’s selfish.

Koan 41

As all here is is is, what is is?

Koan 52

I am nothing and here and now. What am I?

Koan 80

As God is the Everything, why is God rarely noticed in every thing?

Koan 45

As the now moves at incomprehensible speeds, how can our senses inform us of the now?”

 

The Earth is rotating at 1,037 miles/hour and revolving around the sun at 66,616 miles/hour. Our solar system is revolving around the center of the Milky Way galaxy on average at 514,000 miles/hour. The Milky Way is moving towards the Andromeda Galaxy at 1,339,200 miles/hour.

At these speeds, our senses cannot inform us of the now, yet the now seems stable and continuous.

Our mind slows everything down, creating the illusion of the now.

Koan 73

The mind is like a hand, only open when it lets go of whatever it holds tight.

Koan 77

The mind is an addicting medicine. It’s good for solving problems, but in doing so it creates other problems.

Koan 83

“The Universe is the everchanging expression of the Ever-Changeless Is.” — Joe Bruno

Koan 51

When a tree falls in the forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?

 

Mu (nothing). There is no tree, forest or sound, as they are all manifestations of our consciousness.

The universe is not an infinite number of things; only one thing: the universe. Consciousness creates an infinite number of things out of the universe.

Koan 123

“In the beginner’s mind there are many possibilities, but in the expert’s mind there are few.” — Shunryu Suzuki

Experts think of possibilities based on their experience. The inexperienced are not likewise constrained.

Koan 93

The universe is made up of matter. Our world is made up of stories.

Koan 78

“Having no destination, I am never lost.” — Ikkyu

Koan 157

Every thing is fascinating, but the mind can make it boring.

Vernon Howard

“You can not escape a prison if you do not know you’re in one.”

The mind creates a familiar and comforting world out of the seemingly chaotic universe. In so doing, it separates us, imprisoning us, from directly connecting with the universe as it is and, ultimately, realizing we are the universe. Unless we come to know we are prisoners of mind, we can never escape. To recognize we are in mind’s prison, we need to realize we don’t know anything. That’s scary, or at least our mind makes us feel it is.

“You have succeeded in life when all you really want is only what you really need.” — Vernon Howard

The mind galvanizes in us desires that can never be satisfied but temporarily. This is how the mind distracts us from recognizing we are in its prison.

Koan 97

A good death defines a good life.

Koan 234

“When you ain’t got nothing, you got nothing to lose.” — Bob Dylan

 

When we have something we think we can lose, the something has us and to it we have lost our freedom.

Koan 183

“The way to live eternal life is in a state of perpetual orgasm.” — Karen Uppal

Orgasm is like the Big Bang, the moment when nothing transitioned into an infinite number of things; when we are one with the Everything.

Few words are every said at the moment of orgasm, other than: “Oh my God.”

Koan 203

“[I]t is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but what comes out of the mouth.” — Matthew 15:10-20

 

Koan 82

When the inside becomes the outside, we are the creator. When there is no outside or inside, we are creation.

Koan 204

“Anyone who thinks they’re stupid is not as stupid as they think.” — Lee Moncho

Koan 39

As all things are everchanging, no thing is perfect but nothing is perfect.

Koan 206

Judging someone reveals less about who they are than who we are.

Koan 127

“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” — Lao Tzu

Mark Twain* 2

“It’s easier to fool people than to convince them that they have been fooled.”

 

 

*Misattributed to Mark Twain but not inconsistent with Twain’s insights generally.

Koan 208

When we closely hold tight to who we think we are, we cannot be open to what we are.

Koan 211

“We don’t see things as they are; we see things as we are.” — Anais Nin

 

We don’t see things as they are, we only see light reflecting off things. Light is 0.0035% of the electromagnetic spectrum. Things look quite different when viewed from other parts of the spectrum (e.g., X-Rays).

Our eyes see the reflections. Our mind reflects on the reflections. Our mind’s reflections are a function of definitions and stories we’ve created about what we see.

Koan 212

Your life is a fascinating story. Perhaps you could imagine a better one, but then you would miss out on your life.

Koan 27

“Life goes on within you and without you.” — George Harrison

Koan 21

Why can’t a self-identifying vegetarian become enlightened?

Koan 213

“He who fears he shall suffer, already suffers what he fears.” — Michel de Montaigne

Koan 154

“You are not a drop in the ocean. You are the entire ocean.” — Rumi

Koan 40

The enlightened experience life very differently than others, but know they are not different which is what makes them different.

Koan 124

“He who knows enough is enough will always have enough.” — Lao Tzu

 

It’s easy to satisfy our needs, but not our desires.

Koan 169

The right questions are more important than the right answers.

Koan 135

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” — John 1:1, The Gospel of John.

 

God is the Everything; the now and before and after the now.

In the space before the now, there are no things; only energy, the invisible face of God.

The word is sound/vibration/energy: God.

In the beginning was energy, the energy was with God, the energy was God.

Koan 70

“What we see everywhere but rarely notice is our selves.” — Masako Nishi

Koan 67

“If I am I because I am I, and you are you because you are you, then I am I and you are you. But if I am I because you are you and you are you because I am I, then I am not I and you are not you!” — Kotzker Rebbe

 

When Moses encountered God in the desert, Moses asked God who he was. God said: “I am what I am.” That is, God is indescribable because God is the Everything. Any other description implies God is one thing and not another; the antithesis of God.

If I am what I am and you are what you are, I and you are God. However, if I define myself in terms of what I am not (you), I am not God.

If you are God, I treat you accordingly; as I treat myself.

Koan 66

A clear mind sees every thing and understands nothing.

Koan 64

The more you look the less you see.

Koan 50

We are all unique and the same, simultaneously.

Koan 49

“The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.” — George Bernard Shaw